This article entitle Python Operators is a continuation of the previous article entitled Python Datatype.
Python Operators is a constructor that can use to manipulate the value of the operands. These operators are symbols which mainly used for a purpose of logical arithmetic and other various operations
What are Python Operators?
In Python, operators are very special symbols that can be useful for the designation of some sort of calculation or computation that could need to be performed.
Types of Operators in Python
The following list is the types of Python operators which have been supported.
- Logical Operators
- Bitwise Operators
- Assignment Operators
- Arithmetic Operators
- Membership Operators
- Identity Operators
- Comparison (Relational) Operators
Logical Operators
Python Logical operators are mainly used to combine a conditional statement.
| Operator | Description | Example |
| AND | Once both operands are true then the condition becomes true. | x < 15 and x < 20 |
| OR | Once any of the two operands is non-zero then the condition becomes true. | x < 14 or x < 14 |
| NOT | It is used to reverse the logical state of its operand | not(x < 15 and x < 20) |
Bitwise Operators
The bitwise operators are mainly used for comparing (binary) numbers.
| Operator | Name | Description |
| & | AND | Sets each bit to 1 if both bits are 1 |
| | | OR | Sets each bit to 1 if one of the two bits is 1 |
| ^ | XOR | Sets each bit to 1 if only one of two bits is 1 |
| ~ | NOT | Inverts all the bits |
| << | Zero-fill left shift | left shift operation by pushing zeros in from the right and letting the leftmost bits fall off |
| >> | Signed right shift | Shift right by pushing copies of the leftmost bit in from the left operand, and let the rightmost bits fall off |
Example
a = 60 # 60 = 0011 1100
b = 13 # 13 = 0000 1101
# Binary AND
c = a & b # 12 = 0000 1100
print ("a & b : ", c)
# Binary OR
c = a | b # 61 = 0011 1101
print ("a | b : ", c)
# Binary XOR
c = a ^ b # 49 = 0011 0001
print ("a ^ b : ", c)
# Binary Ones Complement
c = ~a; # -61 = 1100 0011
print ("~a : ", c)
# Binary Left Shift
c = a << 2; # 240 = 1111 0000
print ("a << 2 : ", c)
# Binary Right Shift
c = a >> 2; # 15 = 0000 1111
print ("a >> 2 : ", c)Output
a & b : 12 a | b : 61 a ^ b : 49 ~a : -61 a << 2 : 240 a >> 2 : 15
Assignment Operators
Python assignment operator work is mainly used for assigning values to variables.
| Operator | Example | Same As |
|---|---|---|
| = | x = 10 | x = 10 |
| += | x += 4 | x = x + 4 |
| -= | x -= 4 | x = x – 4 |
| *= | x *= 4 | x = x * 4 |
| /= | x /= 4 | x = x / 4 |
| %= | x %= 4 | x = x % 4 |
| //= | x //= 4 | x = x // 4 |
| **= | x **= 4 | x = x ** 4 |
| &= | x &= 4 | x = x & 4 |
| |= | x |= 4 | x = x | 4 |
| ^= | x ^= 4 | x = x ^ 4 |
| >>= | x >>= 4 | x = x >> 4 |
| <<= | x <<= 4 | x = x << 4 |
Example
# Assignment Operator
a = 20
# Addition Assignment
a += 6
print ("a += 5 : ", a)
# Subtraction Assignment
a -= 6
print ("a -= 5 : ", a)
# Multiplication Assignment
a *= 6
print ("a *= 5 : ", a)
# Division Assignment
a /= 6
print ("a /= 5 : ",a)
# Remainder Assignment
a %= 6
print ("a %= 3 : ", a)
# Exponent Assignment
a **= 2
print ("a **= 2 : ", a)
# Floor Division Assignment
a //= 3
print ("a //= 3 : ", a)Output
a += 5 : 26 a -= 5 : 20 a *= 5 : 120 a /= 5 : 20.0 a %= 3 : 2.0 a **= 2 : 4.0 a //= 3 : 1.0
Arithmetic Operators
The arithmetic operators are mainly used with numeric values in order to perform common mathematical operations.
| Operator | Name | Example |
|---|---|---|
| + | Addition | 15 + 15 = 30 |
| – | Subtraction | 30 – 20 = 10 |
| * | Multiplication | 20 * 10 = 200 |
| / | Division | 10 / 2 = 5 |
| % | Modulus | 22 % 10 = 2 |
| ** | Exponent | 4**2 = 16 |
| // | Floor Division | 9//2 = 4 |
Example
x = 32
y = 15
# Addition
print ("x + y : ", x + y)
# Subtraction
print ("x - y : ", x - y)
# Multiplication
print ("x * y : ", x * y)
# Division
print ("x / y : ", x / y)
# Modulus
print ("x % y : ", x % y)
# Exponent
print ("x ** y : ", x ** y)
# Floor Division
print ("x // y : ", x // y)Output
x + y : 47 x - y : 17 x * y : 480 x / y : 2.1333333333333333 x % y : 2 x ** y : 37778931862957161709568 x // y : 2
Membership Operators
The membership operators are mainly used to test if the sequence is already presented into an object.
| Operator | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
| in | Returns True once the sequence has a specified value that is present in the object | x in y, here in results in a 1 if x is a member of sequence y. |
| not in | Returns True once the sequence with a specified value is not present in the object | x not in y, here not in results in a 1 if x is not a member of sequence y. |
Identity Operators
The identity operators are mainly used for comparing an object if there are not equal, but once they actually have the same object with the same memory location.
| Operator | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
| is | It simply returns True once both variables have the same object | x is y, here is results in 1 if id(x) equals id(y). |
| is not | It simply returns True once both variables have not the same object | x is not y, here is not results in 1 if id(x) is not equal to id(y). |
Comparison Operators
The Python comparison operators are mainly used for comparing two values
| Operator | Name | Example |
|---|---|---|
| == | Equal | 5 == 6 is not true. |
| != | Not Equal | 5 != 6 is true. |
| > | Greater Than | 5 > 6 is not true. |
| < | Less Than | 5 < 6 is true. |
| >= | Greater than or Equal to | 5 >= 6 is not true. |
| <= | Less than or Equal to | 5 <= 6 is true. |
Summary
In summary, you have read about Python Operators. We also discussed in this article what are Python Operators, and the different types of operators.
I hope this article about Operator in Python could help you a lot to continue pursuing learning this powerful programming language.
If you want to learn more check out my previous and latest articles for more career-changing articles.